Post-Diwali smog in Delhi can silently harm fertility in men and women by disrupting hormones and reducing sperm and egg quality. Learn expert tips to protect reproductive health.
As the vibrant celebrations of Diwali fade, a silent and invisible danger lingers in the air over Delhi—smog that is not only harming lungs but also quietly affecting fertility in men and women. IVF expert Dr. Puneet Rana Arora from CIFAR, Gurugram, explains how the toxic post-Diwali air pollution disrupts hormonal balance, lowers sperm and egg quality, and what steps couples can take to protect their reproductive health.
Smog: More Than Just Respiratory Trouble
The aftermath of Diwali lights up the sky with spectacular fireworks, but the resulting toxic smog poses a serious health threat. While the immediate effects such as coughing, burning eyes, and breathlessness are obvious, the deeper impact on reproductive health often goes unnoticed.
“Air pollution affects much more than just the lungs,” says Dr. Arora. “It disrupts hormones and damages reproductive organs in both men and women, contributing to infertility.”
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How Air Pollution Affects Fertility
The main culprits—fine particulate matter like PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO)—penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream. These pollutants trigger oxidative stress and hormonal imbalances that impact reproductive functions.
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In women, exposure to polluted air can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, reduced ovarian reserve, and compromised egg quality. It may even cause premature menopause and increase risks during pregnancy, including preterm birth and low birth weight.
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In men, smog exposure is linked to decreased sperm count, poor motility, abnormal sperm morphology, and reduced testosterone levels. Toxic substances can cause DNA damage in sperm, posing risks not just to fertility but also to the health of future children.
Long-Term Reproductive Risks
The damage caused by smog doesn’t end when the haze clears. Fine particles linger, causing prolonged hormonal disruption and reducing the body’s reproductive efficiency. This can lead to increased chances of miscarriage and developmental issues in babies born to parents exposed to heavy pollution.
“Environmental toxins are among the first to impact reproductive health,” Dr. Arora warns. “Sadly, many couples only realize this after facing difficulties conceiving.”
How to Protect Your Fertility Amidst Smog
While addressing air pollution requires systemic policy changes, individuals can take practical measures to safeguard their reproductive health during smog seasons:
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Avoid outdoor activities when the Air Quality Index (AQI) is very poor or severe.
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Use air purifiers with HEPA filters indoors.
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Wear N95 masks when stepping outside.
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Consume antioxidant-rich foods like citrus fruits, leafy greens, and nuts to combat oxidative stress.
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Stay well hydrated and ensure adequate rest to help the body detoxify.
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Consult fertility specialists promptly if experiencing hormonal imbalances or conception delays.
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