Heart Attack
An inadequate blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle results in a myocardial infarction, often known as a heart attack. A longer time frame for treatment to restore blood flow results in more heart muscle damage. Data from the Indian government indicates that the number of heart attack cases increased by a noteworthy 12.5% in 2022 alone. As per the National Crime Records Bureau’s ‘Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India’ report, 32,457 people died from attacks in 2022, which is a significant rise from the 28,413 attack deaths in the previous year.
Heart attacks can strike women at a young age. The Covid-19 epidemic has caused a shift in people’s lifestyles. Their lifestyle is becoming increasingly sedentary. There is a correlation between this and the rise in heart disease cases.
An excessively salty diet, when combined with stress, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and insomnia, raises the risk of attacks.
Causes of heart attack
A heart attack happens when the heart muscle receives less blood that is rich in oxygen. This could occur as a result of atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. When plaque in a cardiac artery bursts and stops the blood supply, a blood clot forms. The heart muscle starts to die as a result of the blood flow being cut off. The greater the damage, the longer an artery remains blocked. This may cause irreversible cardiac damage.
The area supplied by the clogged artery and the interval between injury and therapy determine how much damage is done to the heart. To lessen heart damage, the blocked artery should be unblocked as quickly as feasible.
Symptoms of heart attack
There is a wide range of heart attack symptoms. These include extreme perspiration, exhaustion, acidity, dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath. They also include pain or discomfort that travels to other parts of the body, such as the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth, or upper abdomen.
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Atypical symptoms in women can include backache, neck pain, and pain in the left arm or shoulder. Regretfully, cardiac arrest is the earliest indication of a heart attack.
Screening
Males in their elder years who have diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Screening is extremely crucial since in some asymptomatic patients, the heart attack itself may be the first symptom.
A well-known risk assessment technique that is advised as the initial step in coronary risk assessment for screening all people is the Framingham risk score. A patient’s risk of myocardial infarction and cardiac death can be readily approximated for up to ten years by taking into account risk factors such as age, gender, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, primarily systolic, and tobacco use.